Bonefish (Elopomorpha, Albuliformes) remains from Late Cretaceous outcrops of San Carlos Quarry, Coahuila, Northern Mexico: evidence of a new giant Teleost in the Western Interior Seaway

Kleyton Magno Cantalice, Hector Porras-Múzquiz, Diogo de Mayrinck, Jesús Alvarado-Ortega

Resumen


The discovery of suspensorium bones, comprising the hyomandibular and metapterygoid, indicates the presence of a giant species belonging to the order Albuliformes in the Late Cretaceous outcrops of Northern Coahuila. The taxonomic designation in the order Albuliformes is due to the presence of the metapterygoid cup, a postero-dorsal concavity on the metapterygoid bone which, together with its articulation with the hyomandibular, composes the hyomandibular-metapterygoid fenestra. Although the function of this structure has been debated, its presence represents a diagnostic feature for both fossil and extant Albuliformes species. Comparing the hyomandibular-metapterygoid fenestra with other bonefish is evidence that this structure is quite variable inside the order. The hyomandibular length indicates that this specimen measured approximately 3.9 meters in length, which represents three times the size of †Farinichthys gigas, the largest bonefish known to date, collected in Paleocene outcrops from Brazil. This taxon represents a new giant form inside the Western Interior Seaway, which differs from the other large teleostean fishes of this ancient sea for being a secondary consumer.
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En este trabajo se describen los huesos del suspensorio de un ejemplar fósil del orden Albuliformes recuperado en los depósitos marinos del Cretácico Tardío de la región norte de Coahuila. Aunque el ejemplar sólo conserva los huesos hiomandibular y el metapterigoides, éste muestra un rasgo diagnóstico de los albuliformes: la presencia de la fenestra hyomandibular-metapterigoides formada entre las mellas presentes en los bordes posterodorsal del metapterygoides (=metapterygoid cup) y anteroventral del hiomandibular. Aunque la función de esa estructura es discutible, su presencia representa una característica exclusiva observada en especies fósiles y vivientes del orden Albuliformes. La comparación de dicha fenestra observada en este fósil con las de otros Albuliformes revela dos rasgos peculiares en el ejemplar estudiado. Por un lado, los huesos hiomandibular y metapterigoides son de tamaño inusualmente grandes. A partir de estos huesos, es posible estimar que la longitud del individuo al que pertenecieron pudo ser cercana a 3.9 m, triplicando el tamaño del mayor albuliforme antes conocido, †Farinichthys gigas del Paleoceno de Brasil. Por otro lado, la fenestra hiomandibular-metapterygoides del ejemplar estudiado muestra una combinación peculiar de rasgos no observada en otros albuliformes, ésta es notablemente oblonga, aguda en ambos extremos y ventroposteriormente inclinada. Las presentes observaciones confirman que el fósil estudiado potencialmente representa una nueva especie albuliforme del Cretácico Tardío que vivió en la región limítrofe entre el sur del Mar Interior de Occidental y el norte del proto-Golfo de México, lo cual difiere de los demás teleósteos gigantes por ser un consumidor secundario en la cadena trófica.

Palabras clave


Albuliformes, Late Cretaceous, Coahuila, Mexico, Western Interior Seaway.

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